Anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is crucial for transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. When levels are low, tissues and organs may not receive enough oxygen, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.

• Iron-deficiency Anemia: Most common type, caused by insufficient iron intake or absorption, often due to blood loss (e.g., heavy periods, gastrointestinal bleeding).

• Vitamin Deficiency Anemia: Due to inadequate intake or absorption of essential vitamins like vitamin B12 (pernicious anemia) or folate.

• Anemia of Chronic Disease: Associated with chronic conditions like chronic kidney disease, inflammatory disorders, or cancer.