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Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition where the kidneys gradually lose their function over time. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood, regulating blood pressure, and producing hormones that help control various body functions.

  • Stage 1: Slight kidney damage with normal or high GFR (≥ 90 mL/min).
  • Stage 2: Mild reduction in GFR (60-89 mL/min).
  • Stage 3: Moderate reduction in GFR (30-59 mL/min).
  • Stage 4: Severe reduction in GFR (15-29 mL/min).
  • Stage 5: Kidney failure (GFR < 15 mL/min), requiring dialysis or kidney transplant.
  • Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage the kidneys over time (diabetic nephropathy).
  • Hypertension: High blood pressure can strain the kidneys and impair their function.
  • Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units.
  • Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): Inherited disorder causing cysts to develop in the kidneys.
  • Obesity: Increases the risk of developing diabetes and hypertension, leading to CKD.
  • Age and Family History: Older adults and those with a family history of kidney disease are at higher risk.