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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder where stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. This condition occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscle at the bottom of the esophagus, weakens or relaxes abnormally.

  • Hiatal Hernia: When the upper part of the stomach bulges through the diaphragm into the chest cavity.
  • Obesity: Excess weight can put pressure on the abdomen and LES.
  • Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and pressure from the growing fetus can lead to GERD symptoms.
  • Smoking: Tobacco can weaken the LES and increase acid reflux.
  • Certain Foods and Drinks: Spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, and citrus fruits can trigger or worsen symptoms.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of GERD include:

  • Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest, often after eating or at night.
  • Regurgitation: Sour or bitter-tasting acid backing up into the throat or mouth.
  • Difficulty Swallowing: Feeling of food sticking in the throat.
  • Chest Pain: Sometimes mistaken for a heart attack.