Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder where stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. This condition occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscle at the bottom of the esophagus, weakens or relaxes abnormally.

• Hiatal Hernia: When the upper part of the stomach bulges through the diaphragm into the chest cavity.
• Obesity: Excess weight can put pressure on the abdomen and LES.
• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and pressure from the growing fetus can lead to GERD symptoms.